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Marijuana Addiction Treatment

Marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the U.S. A dry, shredded green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, it is commonly smoked as a cigarette (joint, nail), or in a pipe (bong). It can be smoked in blunts, which are cigars that have been taken off of the tobacco and refilled with canabis, often in mixed with another substance. It might also be mixed in food (muffins, butter, cookies etc. or brewed as a tea. As a more concentrated, resinous form it is called hashish (hash) and, as a sticky black liquid, hash oil. Marijuana smoke has a pungent and distinctive, usually sweet-and-sour odor. There are an enormous amount of street terms for marijuana including pot, herb, weed, grass, widow, ganja, and hash, as well as terms derived from trademarked varieties of marijuana, such as Bubble Gum, Northern Lights, Fruity Juice, Afghani #1, and a number of Skunk varieties.

The main active chemical in marijuana is THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). The membranes of certain nerve cells in the brain contain protein receptors that bind to THC. Once securely in place, THC kicks off a series of cellular reactions that ultimately lead to the high that marijuana users experience when they smoke cannabis.

In the year of 2004, 14.6 million Americans age 12 and older used marijuana at least once in the month prior to being surveyed. About 6,000 people a day in the year of 2004 used marijuana for the first time—2.1 million Americans. Of these, 63.8 percent were under age 181. In the last half of 2003, marijuana was the third most commonly abused drug mentioned in drug-related hospital emergency department (ED) visits in the continental U.S, at 12.6 percent, following cocaine (20 percent) and alcohol (48.7 percent)2.

The short-term effects of marijuana can include problems with memory and learning; distorted perception; difficulty in thinking and problem solving; loss of coordination; and increased heart rate. Research findings for long-term marijuana abuse indicate some changes in the brain similar to those seen after long-term abuse of other major substances. For example, cannabinoid (THC or synthetic forms of THC) withdrawal in chronically exposed animals leads to an increase in the activation of the stress-response system5 and changes in the activity of nerve cells containing dopamine6. Dopamine neurons are involved in the regulation of motivation and reward, and are directly or indirectly affected by all substances of addiction.

There are three main forms of cannabis: Marijuana is the most usual and least powerful form. It is the dried leaves and flowers of the plant. It looks like chopped grass and extent in colour from grey-green to greenish-brown and is smoked in hand-rolled cigarettes (joints) or in a pipe (a bong). Hashish (hash) is dried cannabis resin which is found in little blocks. The blocks range in colour from light brown to almost black. The concentration of THC is more elevated than in marijuana, producing stronger effects. It is added to tobacco and smoked, or baked and eaten in foods like "hash cookies". Hash oil is a thick, oily liquid, golden-brown to black, that can be taken from hashish. It is generally spread on the tip or paper of cigarettes and smoked. Hash oil is stronger than the other kinds of cannabis. It is seldom found in Australia. A non-potent form of cannabis (Indian hemp) is utilized to manufacture fibres for use in paper, textiles and clothing.

Marijuana, hashish (hash) and hash oil originate from cannabis sativa, a kind of hemp plant. All three contain THC, a chemical that modifies the way you think, feel and act. The word “cannabis” is utilized to refer to all three.

• Marijuana is obtained from the dried leaves and flowering tops of the plant.
• At some stage in the growth of the plant, before the flowers are mature, they become coated with an adhesive resin which can be dried to produce hash.
• Hemp can also be utilized to make rope, fabric and paper. When it is grown for this aim, the quantity of THC is too small for an individual to use it to get high.

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